Skin pigmentation changes, causes and methods of their elimination

Abstract

Skin is the largest organ of the human body, which performs many important functions. Skin colour is influenced by many factors, the most important of which is the melanin pigment. Skin pigmentation disorders may have exogenous or endogenous origin. They are divided into hyperpigmentations (darkening of skin), most often caused by an abnormally high amount of the skin pigment and hypopigmentations when there is abnormally Low amount of melanin. Increased melanin production leads to skin colour disorders. The formation of discoloration is influenced by many factors, such as: sunlight, hormonal and genetic factors, thyroid diseases, pregnancy and menopause, as well as mechanical damage, inflammation or the use of certain medications. The most common disco lorations include freckles, chloasma and lentigines (age spots).

A number of methods are available to reduce discoloration. The process of treatment is usually long and depends on the proper recognition of the changes, their causes, location and also the analysis of health. Thanks to this, the therapy that gives the most effective results can be selected. Apart from whitening products and treatments, one of the most effective methods is laser therapy. Different types of lasers are used, such as Q - switched lasers (ruby, alexandrite) and IPL devices. Photoprotection is necessary during the therapy.